Understanding migraine & headache disorders

Characterised by visual or sensory disturbances—such as flashing lights, blind spots, or tingling—occurring before or during the headache phase, often with nausea and sensitivity to light or sound

The most common type of migraine, marked by intense, throbbing head pain lasting hours to days, often accompanied by nausea, light sensitivity, and fatigue

Defined as headaches occurring on 15 or more days per month for over three months, with at least eight days showing migraine features such as pulsating pain and sensory sensitivity

Severe, stabbing pain typically around one eye, occurring in cyclical patterns (“clusters”) with tearing, nasal congestion, and restlessness during attacks lasting 15 minutes to 3 hours

The most common headache type, causing a dull, pressure-like pain across both sides of the head, often linked to stress, muscle tension, and fatigue rather than vascular or neurological causes

Headache that originates from dysfunction or injury in the neck structures—such as joints or muscles—and radiates upward, often aggravated by specific movements or postures

Develops from frequent use of pain relief medications for headaches, leading to rebound pain and increased headache frequency despite ongoing medication use